单层超硬磨料砂轮制造技术新发展

概述了国外单层高温钎焊超硬磨料砂轮的工艺优势及主要研究成果，这种新型超硬磨料砂轮以其卓越的磨削性能已在国内外磨削界引起了轰动，它在今后逐步替代传统砂轮应是一种无法抗拒的必然趋势。鉴于它极其广阔的应用前景，国内在推广应用超硬磨料砂轮时也必将大力引进开发此种单层钎焊砂轮。为使国内开发钎焊砂轮有一个更高的起点，作者提出了关于开展这一领域研究的若干构想和实施方案     

飞机过度/不足转向地面转弯操纵特性分析

为分析飞机着陆滑跑过程中的过度/不足转向特性,提高前轮转弯系统的操纵性能,提出了一种具有时变参数的飞机转弯系统的低阶等价模型,并结合系统稳定性的分析与飞行数据,可知在飞机着陆滑跑过程中的某个速度范围内,由于系统偏航角速度命令带宽衰减至零值附近,飞机的过度/不足转向特性曲线十分接近临界稳定速度边界,引起操纵特性严重恶化,由此提出了一种采用偏航角速度的局部负反馈来调节系统带宽的自校正增稳设计.分析与仿真结果说明:该模型能够解决使用高阶模型对飞机该项性能分析复杂的问题,可以作为高阶复杂模型分析的一种补充,且提出的增稳方法能使系统偏航角速度命令带宽保持在期望范围内,改善脚蹬操纵的敏感性,提高系统的操纵性能.      

基于GSPN的飞机前轮转弯系统安全性评估

为解决在缺乏统计数据时无法对系统安全性进行评估的问题,提出将系统广义随机Petri网(GSPN,Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets)与经典评估相结合的方法.以某型尚处于设计阶段的飞机前轮转弯系统为研究对象,通过分析该系统结构功能图,建立出系统故障类型和影响分析(FMEA,Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)表;依照经典公式,求出系统各单元及其故障类型的故障率、维修度、平均无故障时间和平均维修时间等数据;将求得的数据与前轮转弯系统的GSPN模型相结合,利用TimeNET软件求得系统各故障类型的稳态失效概率;联立经验公式及危险度矩阵图对系统的安全性进行评估.经测评,该型飞机前轮转弯系统安全性符合设计要求.      

基于SOC的卫星姿轨控系统通用电模拟器设计

在某型卫星地面电联试过程中,对该卫星的姿态轨道控制系统进行接口分析及信号统计,针对其接口复杂性、信号多样性的特点,提出采用片上系统(Systemona Chip,SOC)芯片对所有部件模拟器进行通用化设计。文中给出了该型卫星通用型电模拟器硬件平台设计方案以及陀螺、反作用轮和通用接口模块的硬件配置说明,针对该型卫星姿态轨道控制系统电联试要求,对所有部件按真实接口配置成电模拟器,形成通用接口箱、敏感器电模拟器箱和执行机构电模拟器箱,并通过CAN(Controller Area Network)总线接入闭环仿真,对太阳捕获、地球捕获及正常模式进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明通用电模拟器满足设计要求,对其他卫星的地面电联试有很好的参考价值。     

液体火箭发动机高转速诱导轮旋转空化

诱导轮是提高液体火箭发动机泵抽吸性能的重要部件,而高速诱导轮中出现的旋转空化现象有时会严重影响涡轮泵的正常工作。利用基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的混合流体模型对某诱导轮2D叶栅中的非定常空化流动进行了计算,模拟了迁移速度比约为1.0~1.4的旋转空化现象,并对其内在机理进行了分析。通过水力实验,利用非稳态信号时-频谱分析技术,捕捉到多种工况下旋转空化的动力学特征,同时观测得到该非定常现象的发生区间和其它特性。     

Modeling and experiment of grinding wheel axial profiles based on gear hobs

Hobbing is one of the crucial gear manufacturing processes with high precision and high efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of hobbing and hob relief grinding, more precise grinding wheels are demanded for relief grinding in the production of gear hobs. In this paper, a new and accurate mathematical method for calculating the axial profile of grinding wheel based on the corresponding gear hob to be ground is proposed. Considering that most researches have been conducted to focus on the optimization of hob geometric feature and only can be applied to a specific type of hand of helix and rake angle of gear hobs. The method in this paper can be served as a general algorithm for generating axial profile of grinding wheels on the basis of the spatial envelope theory, the principle of coordinate system transformation, and studies on normal profile of single-tooth. The accuracy of grinding hobs is based on applying the approach in practical manufacturing. Taking two typical different kinds of pre-grinding gear hobs as examples for calculation and experiment, the results of tooth profile errors strengthen the position that the validity and feasibility of this method, it can be employed for gear hob design and grinding processing.     

基于碟形砂轮磨齿的面齿轮包络残差研究

介绍了采用碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮的原理及过程,研究了齿廓包络和齿宽包络两种包络方式产生包络残差的机理.分别建立了两种加工方式下包络残差的计算模型和方法,并研究了所产生包络残差的特点.通过数值算例分析了包络过程中刀具周向进给角度、齿宽方向进给量以及碟形砂轮外径对齿面包络残差的影响规律.计算结果表明:齿宽包络比齿廓包络具有更高的效率.进行了以齿廓包络方式的面齿轮磨齿加工实验,当刀具周向进给角度分别取为2°,1°,0.5°及0.2°时,齿面表面粗糙度逐渐明显提高,齿面磨削加工印痕的数目和方向与包络仿真计算结果一致.初步证明根据包络残差计算结果选取合适的进给量参数,可以保证面齿轮磨齿加工的表面粗糙度水平并能提高加工效率.      

Nonlinear H∞ based underactuated attitude control for small satellites with two reaction wheels

Underactuated attitude control is supposed to be used on spacecraft when failure happens with onboard actuators. One main problem with existing underactuated attitude control designs is their limited capabilities against disturbances. In order to solve this problem, an approach based on the theory of H∞$H\infty$ is proposed in this paper. Two propositions are derived from the H∞$H\infty$ theory to improve the robustness of one popular underactuated attitude control design, which was presented by Tsiotras et al. It is proved mathematically that the controller satisfying these two propositions respectively can stabilize the underactuated attitude system locally or globally. The numerical simulations show that the improved controllers based on the H∞$H\infty$ theory could provide higher pointing accuracy for small satellites against disturbances. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed H∞$H\infty$ based approach to improve existing underactuated attitude control designs.     

飞机高升力系统扭力管旋转角度测试方法

在飞机地面模拟试验环境下需要测试高升力系统襟翼扭力管旋转角度。由于扭力管属于系统试验件,在不改变试验环境构型的情况下不可截断或更换安装用于测试扭力管旋转角度的旋转编码器。本文利用同步轮法实现了在不破坏扭力管前提下安装旋转编码器测试扭力管旋转角度,方法简单、可靠,且容易实现,很好的满足了试验大纲要求。     

Reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering wear degradation

This paper focuses on the issue of reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering the uncertainties in the wear process of mechanical components. First, the multi-body kinematic model of the slat mechanism is built in the ADAMS software. The geometrical sizes of the roller wheels after wear degradation are considered as input variables and the angle the slat should turn is considered as the output response. To accurately identify the influential roller wheels to the reliability and robustness of the slat mechanism, the failure probability based sensitivity and variance-based sensitivity indices are introduced. Comprehensive analysis of the results have shown that the reliability analysis and global sensitivity theory can help engineers find significant parts by their contributions, thus provide guidance for mechanical design and maintenance.